Emerging AI risks

Emerging AI risks refer to new or evolving threats that arise as artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly adopted and deployed across industries. These risks may not be fully understood at the time of development, and they often emerge through unexpected system behavior, misuse, or changes in social, legal, or operational environments.

This matters because AI systems are now deeply embedded in areas like healthcare, finance, law enforcement, and infrastructure. As they scale, so do their potential to create harm. For AI governance, compliance, and risk teams, identifying and preparing for emerging risks is essential to meet evolving regulations like the EU AI Act, align with frameworks like ISO/IEC 42001, and maintain public trust.

“63% of AI incidents reported in 2023 involved previously unclassified risks, such as shadow model behavior, unintended influence loops, or synthetic content misuse.”(Source: Global AI Incident Tracker by AIAAIC)

Categories of emerging risks in AI systems

As AI applications grow more complex and context-dependent, new categories of risk are surfacing. These are not just extensions of old issues, but often entirely new challenges introduced by the nature of AI itself.

Key categories include:

• Model drift and silent degradation: AI performance may degrade over time without clear warning, especially in dynamic environments.

• Synthetic content misuse: Deepfakes, AI-generated disinformation, and impersonation are undermining trust in digital content.

• Unanticipated feedback loops: AI systems influencing environments in ways that feed biased or skewed data back into themselves.

• Shadow models and orphaned systems: Legacy or experimental models operating outside of governance oversight.

• Cross-system dependency risks: Failures in AI subsystems triggering cascading effects across entire infrastructures.

Each of these presents challenges for tracking, controlling, and mitigating AI-related harms.

Real-world example of emerging AI risks

A popular social platform used an AI model to moderate comments in real time. Over time, users adapted their language to avoid detection, leading to increasingly toxic discussions being classified as acceptable. The model, trained on older patterns, failed to keep up, and human moderators were unaware of the drift until complaints surged.

This is an example of performance drift combined with adversarial adaptation—an emerging risk that standard audits failed to anticipate.

In another case, an enterprise chatbot trained on internal data began sharing sensitive file names and email addresses in response to broad queries. The risk had not been classified during development, but quickly escalated once discovered by external users.

Best practices for managing emerging AI risks

Managing emerging risks requires flexible, proactive monitoring and feedback systems. Traditional static risk assessments are no longer sufficient.

Best practices include:

• Continuous monitoring: Use real-time analytics to detect unusual system behavior or performance changes.

• Red teaming and simulation: Regularly challenge AI systems with unexpected inputs or scenarios to identify blind spots.

• Risk triage pipelines: Establish a review process to escalate and address anomalies or incidents quickly.

• Update risk taxonomies: Expand risk registers based on lessons learned from incidents and industry reports.

• Strengthen incident response: Ensure your team is equipped to respond to new threats, including legal and reputational fallout.

• Collaborate with external bodies: Participate in communities tracking AI incidents and evolving risk classifications, such as AIAAIC or the Partnership on AI.

Embedding these practices into your governance framework ensures you can respond quickly as risks change over time.

FAQ

Are emerging risks covered in traditional risk frameworks?

Partially. Standards like ISO/IEC 42001 and [NIST AI RMF](https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework) now include provisions for dynamic risk management, but specific emerging threats often require tailored treatment and continuous updates.

How can we spot emerging risks before they cause harm?

By using anomaly detection, user feedback channels, external threat intelligence, and audit logging. Unexpected outputs, behavior shifts, or security events are early warning signs.

Who is responsible for emerging risk detection?

It is a shared responsibility across engineering, risk, compliance, and operations. Governance teams must lead the design of detection and response systems.

Is public disclosure necessary for new risks?

Not always, but transparency builds trust. When risks affect users or regulatory standing, disclosure may be legally or ethically required.

Summary

Emerging AI risks are unpredictable by nature but increasingly critical to identify and address. From silent model drift to AI-generated misinformation and orphaned systems, organizations must prepare to detect and manage issues that don’t fit old risk categories. Through continuous monitoring, adaptive frameworks, and collaboration with industry peers, teams can stay ready to respond.