Global AI Regulations
and Frameworks
A comprehensive guide for legal, policy, and GRC teams navigating the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence governance worldwide.
AI Regulations by Country
Legend
Europe(5 countries)
European Union
EU AI Act in force with phased obligations, risk‑based, with prohibitions and high‑risk requirements.
France
Supporting EU AI Act implementation with national complementary measures and innovation initiatives.
Germany
AI standardization roadmap with focus on trustworthy AI and innovation-friendly regulation.
Sweden
Guidance on GDPR and AI with focus on public sector applications and digital innovation.
United Kingdom
Regulator‑led, sector‑based approach with non‑statutory principles while delaying a single AI bill.
North America(2 countries)
Canada
Using codes and federal directives while the core AI bill stalled, with a national safety institute underway.
United States
Executive‑order‑driven federal policy with agency rules, sector laws and state AI/ADM statutes.
Asia(13 countries)
Bangladesh
National AI strategy with ethics integration supporting Digital Bangladesh.
China
Comprehensive AI‑related rules in force on algorithms, generative AI, deep synthesis and personal data.
India
Pursuing sector‑aware, innovation‑friendly rules, with playbooks and upcoming digital law updates.
Indonesia
National AI strategy and ethics guidance, with comprehensive legislation in the works.
Israel
Consultative, sandbox‑friendly approach with privacy guidance and sectoral emphasis.
Japan
Pro‑innovation, risk‑aware guidance aligned with G7/OECD, with sectoral laws and ministerial guidance.
Saudi Arabia
Ambitious data‑and‑AI strategy with central authority and ecosystem investment to 2030.
Singapore
Toolkit‑heavy, industry‑friendly regime with testing, risk assessment, and model governance guidance.
South Korea
Developing comprehensive AI law with rich guidance on privacy risks and synthetic data.
Taiwan
AI Basic Act draft prioritizing innovation with parallel data protection and sectoral rules.
Thailand
AI ethics guidelines with focus on responsible development and digital economy growth.
United Arab Emirates
First AI ministry, national councils and programs to build an AI hub and cross‑sector policies.
Vietnam
AI and Big Data Standard with national strategy for digital transformation and innovation.
South America(5 countries)
Argentina
Developing a national AI plan and public‑sector trust guidelines, moving toward EU‑style risk‑based law.
Brazil
Advancing a rights‑based AI bill alongside a national AI strategy and strong data protection regime.
Chile
Operating under a 2021 national policy and moving toward risk‑based AI legislation.
Colombia
National strategy and public‑sector AI policy guided by expert mission work.
Peru
National AI and digital policies under development with data protection foundations.
Africa(3 countries)
Egypt
Second‑edition national AI strategy with pillars for government use, capacity, and international cooperation.
Mauritius
National AI strategy with emphasis on digital transformation and data governance.
Nigeria
Pursuing national AI policy and trust frameworks to support innovation and governance.
Oceania(2 countries)
Australia
Leaning on voluntary standards and impact tools while scoping binding rules for high‑risk AI.
New Zealand
Principles‑led approach with upcoming biometrics code and sector guidance for generative AI.
Global Overview: Key AI Frameworks and Regulations
The international community has produced several foundational frameworks to promote responsible AI. These frameworks influence national laws and offer guidance for both public and private sectors.
OECD AI Principles (2019)
First intergovernmental standard on AI, focusing on human-centered values and fairness.
UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021)
Global framework for ethical AI development and deployment.
G7 Hiroshima AI Process (2023)
International cooperation on advanced AI systems and governance.
Council of Europe AI Convention (Draft)
First legally binding international treaty on AI governance.